THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE
An outline grammatical summary
PJ Hillery
„ყოველი საიდუმლოჲ ამას ენასა შინა დამარხულ არს“ – იოანე-ზოსიმე (X ს.)
MAIN TOPICS	SECTIONS
Introduction	Introduction		top
The Georgian Alphabet	Conventions
The Sounds of Georgian	The Caucasian Languages
Word Formation	The Kartvelian Languages
Nouns	Georgian Dialects
Adjectives	Agglutination
Pronouns	Why Study Georgian
Adverbs	The Georgian Alphabet		top
Postpositions	The Mkhedruli Alphabet
Numbers	The Asomtavruli Alphabet
Conjunctions	The Sounds of Georgian		top
Particles	The Consonants
Interjections and Endearments	The Vowels
Verbs	Miscellaneous
Verb Classes	Assimilation and Dissimilation
Screeves	Syncope and Vowel Loss
Syntax	Metathesis
Vocabulary	Ablaut
Sample Text	Stress
Appendices	Colloquial Pronunciation
GEORGIAN FONTS	Word Formation		top
To view the Georgian text on these pages, it is necessary to use a Unicode-compliant browser and to have a Unicode font installed that includes the Georgian subrange. If your system is configured correctly, a line of Georgian text should be displayed under the author's name above.	Derivation Strategies
	Derived Words
	Nouns		top
	Nouns
A self-installing Unicode font suitable for MS Windows operating systems may be downloaded from here. (Save application and double click on icon to install. For non-MS Windows users the font itself may be downloaded from here.)	Noun Cases
	Noun Declension
The Georgian content of these pages is not compatible with any non-Unicode Georgian fonts that you may currently use. You may find further information on Unicode support by clicking here.	Adjectives	top
	Adjectives
	Nominalized Adjectives
BASIC INFORMATION	Demonstrative Adjectives
The Georgian Language: Quick Facts (PDF file)	Interrogative Adjectives
The Georgian Alphabet (PDF file)	Indefinite Adjectives
Bibliography	Possessive Adjectives
GEORGIAN PHONETICS	Possessive Adjectives
Georgian Consonants (PDF file)	Interrogative Possessive Adjectives
Georgian Vowels (PDF file)	Negative Possessive Adjectives
Georgian Sound Sample	The Reflexive Possessive Adjective
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS	Comparison of Adjectives
Four Georgian Poems	Pronouns		top
The Morphology of the Georgian Aorist (PDF file)	Demonstrative Pronouns
INTERNET RESOURCES	Personal Pronouns
While no specific recommendations can be made concerning internet resources on the Georgian language, some relevant links are given below. It should be noted that owing to the transient nature of this medium not all URLs cited here may currently be valid.	Interrogative Pronouns
	Negative Pronouns
	Definite Pronouns
Internet editions of various Georgian language newspapers may be found here.	Indefinite Pronouns
Those wishing to listen to spoken Georgian may find the following broadcasters' internet sites useful: Rustavi 2 TV station Channel 1 TV station Voice of America radio station Radio Liberty radio station	Reflexive Pronouns
	The Reciprocal Pronoun
	Possessive Pronouns
	Possessive Pronouns
	Basic Possessive Pronouns
	Interrogative Possessive Pronouns
Online English-Georgian dictionary This dictionary includes a full-text search facility that can assist in Georgian-English translation. This site does not use a Unicode font.	Negative Possessive Pronouns
	Definite Possessive Pronouns
	Indefinite Possessive Pronouns
	The Reflexive Possessive Pronoun
	Relative Pronouns
	Adverbs		top
	Adverbs
	Demonstrative Adverbs
	Interrogative Adverbs
	Negative Adverbs
	Adverbs of Place
	Adverbs of Time
	Relative Adverbs
	Indefinite Adverbs
	Miscellaneous Adverbs
	Comparison of Adverbs
	Postpositions		top
	Postpositions
	Postpositions Taking the Dative
	Postpositions Taking the Genitive
	Postpositions Taking the Instrumental
	Postpositions Taking the Adverbial
	Numbers		top
	Cardinal Numbers
	Ordinal Numbers
	Fractions and Decimals
	Multiplicatives
	Telling the Time
	Conjunctions		top
	Coordinating Conjunctions
	Subordinating Conjunctions
	Particles		top
	Particles
	Interjections and Endearments		top
	Interjections and Endearments
	Verbs		top
	Verbs
	The Screeve System
	Verb Classes		top
	Class 1 Verbs
	Class 2 Verbs
	Class 3 Verbs
	Class 4 Verbs
	Stative Verbs
	Verb Structure
	Verb Structure
	Pronominal Markers
	Preverbs
	Pre-Radical Vowels
	Screeve Markers
	Stem Augments
	Passive Infixes
	Present-Future Stem Formants
	Case Marking
	Screeves		top
	The Present Screeve
	The Imperfect Screeve
	The Present Subjunctive Screeve
	The Future Screeve
	The Conditional Screeve
	The Future Subjunctive Screeve
	The Aorist Screeve
	The Optative Screeve
	The Perfect Screeve
	The Pluperfect Screeve
	The Perfect Subjunctive Screeve
	Indirect Object Marking
	Indirect Object Marking: An Overview ^note
	Indirect Object Marking: Transitive Verbs
	Indirect Object Marking: Intransitive Verbs
	Tripersonal Verbs
	Version
	Non-Finite Verb Forms
	The Masdar
	The Active Participle
	The Future Participle
	The Perfect Participle
	The Privative Participle
	Miscellaneous
	Ergativity
	Imperatives
	The Dative Construction
	Causative Verbs
	Irregular Verbs
	The Copula
	Basic Verbs of Motion
	Animate and Inanimate Verbs
	Singular and Plural Verbs
	Verbs of Politeness
	Syntax		top
	Left Branching
	Word Order
	Negation
	Reported Speech
	Number Agreement
	Conditionals
	Uses of the Subjunctive Screeves
	Vocabulary		top
	Borrowings ^note
	False Cognates ^note
	Word List ^note
	Sample Text		top
	Sample Text ^note
	Appendices		top
	Number and Number Agreement ^note
FEEDBACK	Deviations from Grammatical Norms ^note
The author welcomes feedback, and may be contacted at the following address: enq*armazi.com (replace * with @).	Abbreviations
	Glossary

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© PJ Hillery 1996-2006 • Rev. 3.1